Red Certificate Issued to Jang Gye and Red and White Certificates Issued to Jang Mal-son

These three documents are certificates baseowed by the king to those who passed the state examinations. The include a red certificate issued in 1305 to Jang Gye, a civil official of the Goryeo period (918-1392), and a red certificate and white certificate issued in 1453 and 1459, respectively, to Jang Mal-son (1431-1486), a civil official of the Joseon period (1392-1910). The white certificate was given to those who passed the lower state examination and the red certificate was givem to those who passed the higher state examination.

Source: Korea Heritage Service signboard ↗ · collected 2026-10-08